# Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe: list and numbers > Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe since 2004: the deadliest, Europol's yearly counts of completed, failed and foiled plots, by country, and 2026 so far. - URL: https://fightingislamists.com/terrorist-attacks-europe.html - Updated: 19 October 2026 - Publisher: The Analyst, Fighting Islamists (https://fightingislamists.com/) - Cite as: The Analyst, "Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe: list and numbers", Fighting Islamists, updated 19 October 2026. https://fightingislamists.com/terrorist-attacks-europe.html **The short answer.** Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe have killed more than 600 people since 2004: 191 in Madrid, 52 in London and about 400 more across the EU between 2015 and 2025 (approx., the sum of Europol's yearly counts). The toll peaked in 2015 and 2016, when jihadist attacks killed 285 people in the EU (150 and 135, per Europol), including the Paris and Brussels attacks organised by Islamic State from Syria.[^tsA] Today the typical attack is a knife attack by one man, most plots are stopped, and jihadism is still the EU's deadliest terrorism. ### Key facts - In 2025 EU member states reported 24 jihadist terrorist attacks, of which nine were completed and 15 were foiled. The completed attacks killed five people and injured 81.[^te26] - Jihadist attacks were 24 of the 45 terrorist attacks of all ideologies that EU states reported to Europol for 2025, and they were again the deadliest.[^te26] - Europol counted 150 deaths from jihadist attacks in the EU in 2015 and 135 in 2016, the two worst years on its record.[^tsA] - The deadliest jihadist attack in the European Union is the Madrid train bombing of 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people.[^madrid] - France's domestic intelligence service said in February 2025 that terrorist attacks in France since 2012 had killed 275 people.[^dgsi] - On 25 July 2026 a van was driven into a crowd near Berlin's Pride celebrations and the driver then attacked people with a machete. A 65-year-old Polish woman died and 29 people were injured. Germany's interior minister said the evidence pointed to an "Islamic terror attack".[^berlinA][^berlinB] - Counting all terrorism, not only jihadist, the worst attack in Europe since 1980 is the 1988 Lockerbie bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, with 270 deaths; Madrid is second with 191.[^statista] - Jihadism is not Europe's only terrorism. A far-right gunman killed nine people at Hanau, Germany, in 2020, and an anti-Muslim extremist killed 77 in Norway in 2011.[^te21][^utoya] ## How many Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe happen each year? Europol counted 24 jihadist attacks in the EU in 2025, but only nine were completed. Europol, the EU police agency, publishes the standard count each year in its Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT). It counts completed attacks, failed attacks (the attacker tried and missed) and foiled plots (police stopped them first). EU states decide what is terrorism and which ideology applies, and Europol follows them.[^te26] ### Terrorist attacks in Europe by year The table shows jihadist attacks in the EU, as Europol first reported them. | Year | Completed | Failed | Foiled | Total | People killed | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 2015[^tsA] | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17 | 150 | | 2016[^tsA] | n/a | n/a | n/a | 13 | 135 | | 2017[^tsB] | 10 | 12 | 11 | 33 | 62 | | 2018[^tsC] | 7 | 1 | 16 | 24 | 13 | | 2019[^tsD] | 4 | 3 | 14 | 21 | 10 | | 2020[^tsE] | 10 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 12 | | 2021[^tsF] | 3 | 0 | 8 | 11 | 2 | | 2022[^tsF] | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2 | | 2023[^tsG] | 5 | 0 | 9 | 14 | 6 | | 2024[^tsG] | 6 | 0 | 18 | 24 | 5 | | 2025[^te26] | 9 | 0 | 15 | 24 | 5 | The UK is inside the EU totals up to the 2019 data year and is reported separately from 2020, so 2017 to 2019 include British attacks (see [the UK guide](https://fightingislamists.com/islamist-terrorism-uk.html)). For 2015 and 2016 the sources I checked give totals but not the split. Adding the yearly death figures gives about 400 for 2015 to 2025 (approx., my arithmetic). Three things stand out. The toll fell from 150 in 2015 to single digits by 2021. Foiled plots now usually outnumber completed attacks two to one. And 2020 was the exception, with ten completed attacks against four foiled; Europol could not establish whether the pandemic was the cause.[^tsE] ## List of the deadliest jihadist terrorist attacks in European history Madrid in 2004 is the deadliest jihadist attack in the EU and UK, with 191 dead. The table lists attacks in the EU and UK since 2004 that killed five or more people. Death tolls exclude the attackers. It leaves out Russia and Turkey, which need their own sources. | Date | Place | Killed | Perpetrators and claim | |---|---|---|---| | 11 Mar 2004 | Madrid, four commuter trains | 191 | A cell of mostly Moroccans and Spaniards, inspired by al-Qaeda. The court found no ETA link.[^madrid] | | 13 Nov 2015 | Paris: Bataclan, Stade de France, cafes | 130 | Three Islamic State teams. IS claimed it, citing French air strikes in Syria and Iraq.[^paris15] | | 14 Jul 2016 | Nice, Promenade des Anglais | 86 | Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Tunisian, drove a truck. IS called him a "soldier"; the investigation did not show IS planned it.[^nice] | | 7 Jul 2005 | London, Tube and bus | 52 | Four British men. The inquest found 52 unlawful killings.[^lon77] | | 22 Mar 2016 | Brussels airport and metro | 32 | Islamic State cell linked to the Paris attackers. IS claimed it.[^brussels] | | 22 May 2017 | Manchester Arena | 22 | Salman Abedi, 22, born in the UK to Libyan parents. IS claimed it.[^mcr] | | 7-9 Jan 2015 | Paris: Charlie Hebdo, Montrouge, Hyper Cacher | 17 | The Kouachi brothers (al-Qaeda in Yemen claimed the first attack) and Amedy Coulibaly (pledged to IS).[^charlie] | | 17-18 Aug 2017 | Barcelona and Cambrils | 16 | A cell of young men from Ripoll. IS claimed it.[^bcn] | | 19 Dec 2016 | Berlin Christmas market | 12 | Anis Amri, a failed Tunisian asylum seeker known to many agencies. IS claimed it.[^berlin16] | | 3 Jun 2017 | London Bridge and Borough Market | 8 | Three attackers with a van and knives. IS claimed it. MI5 was already investigating the ringleader, Khuram Butt.[^lonbr] | | 11-19 Mar 2012 | Toulouse and Montauban | 7 | Mohammed Merah, who filmed the killings and sent a note claiming them in the name of al-Qaeda.[^toulouse] | | 22 Mar 2017 | Westminster, London | 5 | Khalid Masood, 52, who drove at pedestrians and stabbed a police officer. IS claimed it.[^wm] | | 7 Apr 2017 | Stockholm | 5 | Rakhmat Akilov, an Uzbek whose asylum claim was refused. Unclaimed, but he sent a video pledging allegiance to IS.[^stock] | The list shows no single type of attacker. Madrid and 7/7 were small cells of the [al-Qaeda](https://fightingislamists.com/al-qaeda.html) era. Paris and Brussels were [Islamic State](https://fightingislamists.com/islamic-state.html) operations run from Syria. Nice, Berlin and most later attacks were men acting alone. In at least three of the thirteen, the attackers were already known to the authorities: Amri, Abedi and Butt. Below the cut-off sit Vienna (four killed, 2020) and Solingen (three, 2024).[^vienna][^solingen] ## Terrorist attacks in Europe by country France has suffered most. Its domestic intelligence service counts 275 deaths since 2012, with the toll concentrated in 2015 and 2016.[^dgsi] Europol's 2025 table shows where jihadist attacks, including foiled ones, were reported that year: France 10, Austria 7, Germany 4, Belgium 1, Ireland 1 and Spain 1.[^te26] Adding up the table above (my own arithmetic), France lost 240 people, Spain 207, the United Kingdom 87, Belgium 32, Germany 12 and Sweden five. The table cuts off at five deaths, so this is a rough guide, not a league table. Spain and France also made the most jihadist arrests in 2025, 100 and 64.[^te26b] For Britain's own record see the [UK guide](https://fightingislamists.com/islamist-terrorism-uk.html), and for comparison the [United States](https://fightingislamists.com/islamist-terrorism-us.html) and [Australia](https://fightingislamists.com/islamism-australia.html). ## Terrorist attacks in Europe by ideology Jihadist attacks are the deadliest in Europe, but not the most numerous every year. Of Europol's 45 attacks in 2025, 24 were jihadist, 12 left-wing and anarchist, five right-wing and four other or unspecified. No ethno-nationalist or separatist attack was verified.[^te26] In 2023 the EU recorded 120 attacks, most of them separatist (70) and left-wing (32), yet the 14 jihadist attacks killed six people and nothing else came close.[^te24] Jihadists are the main killers over the long run. The Global Terrorism Index 2026 found that 527 of the West's 990 terrorism deaths over two decades (53%) came from religiously motivated attacks, almost all jihadist.[^gti] The ACLED conflict-data group counts 41 jihadist attacks in Europe since 2020 that caused 192 deaths, against 24 deaths from far-right attacks. ACLED's geography and definitions differ from Europol's, so its totals are not directly comparable.[^acled] Other ideologies kill too. Anders Breivik murdered 77 people in Norway in 2011, citing resistance to the "Islamisation" of Europe.[^utoya] In 2020 nine of the EU's 21 terrorism deaths were at Hanau.[^te21] Classify by ideology only where authorities did. That rule matters. Prosecutors did not treat the April 2025 murder of a man in a mosque at La Grand-Combe, France, as terrorism, although the victim's family asked for that.[^grand] The January 2025 Aschaffenburg stabbings had no extremist background and a psychiatric expert found the attacker not criminally responsible.[^asch] Britain's Southport murders of 2024 have no official ideology (see [the UK guide](https://fightingislamists.com/islamist-terrorism-uk.html)). ## What terror attacks have happened in 2026? The deadliest terror attack in Europe so far in 2026 is Berlin, on 25 July. A van was driven into a crowd near the city's Pride celebrations and the driver then used a machete, killing a 65-year-old Polish woman and injuring 29.[^berlinB] Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt said "everything we see here points to us dealing with an Islamic terror attack".[^berlinA] Police shot the suspect, Abdul Ballout, 21. Analysts at ACLED report he had earlier been sentenced for preparing an attack and was freed after prosecutors appealed.[^acled] Other 2026 events need care with labels: - **Paris, 27 July.** A man stabbed three women near Porte de Clichy and reportedly said "it is Allah who commanded me". The interior minister urged caution over the motive. I could not confirm a later terrorism classification.[^paris26] - **London, from 23 March.** A wave of mostly arson attacks hit Jewish sites. On 13 July the UK sanctioned the group that claimed them, citing "hostile activity" by Iran's government. That is state-directed, not Sunni jihadism.[^hayi] - **Golders Green, London, 29 April.** Two Jewish men were stabbed. The Met declared a terrorist incident, but the Crown Prosecution Service later told the court it would not pursue a terrorist connection.[^golders] - **Manchester, September.** Two Iranian nationals were charged on 2 October over a plot to build a chlorine bomb for the city's Jewish community. A third party in Iran is alleged to have directed them. See the [weekly briefing](https://fightingislamists.com/briefings/brief-2026-W41.html) and [the guide to Iran's network](https://fightingislamists.com/hezbollah-iran.html).[^mcrplot] - **RAF Fairford, England, from 27 September.** Police found suspicious vehicles near the base after an emergency call, and seven people have been arrested in a counter-terrorism investigation. No explosive devices were found, nobody has been charged, and police have not established a motive. Iran's role is unconfirmed. It is not an Islamist case on the evidence so far.[^poolre] - **Courts.** An Austrian court gave the February 2025 Villach attacker life on 27 May, and a Munich court gave the February 2025 car attacker life on 6 August.[^villach][^munich] ## Who carries out these attacks, and how? Almost all recent attackers act alone with simple weapons. All nine completed jihadist attacks in the EU in 2025 were by lone actors, and eight used knives.[^te26] Of the 347 people arrested for jihadist offences in 2025, 108 were 18 or younger.[^te26c] Islamic State avoided formal claims in 2025, relying on praise and indirect attribution.[^te26c] How people are drawn in is the subject of the [radicalisation guide](https://fightingislamists.com/radicalisation.html). A repeated failure is the known or released offender. The Vienna attacker of 2020 had been released early in December 2019 after a conviction for trying to join IS.[^vienna] The Mulhouse killer of February 2025 was on a watchlist, and France had tried ten times to deport him.[^mulhouse] For the policies that follow, see [how to counter Islamist extremism](https://fightingislamists.com/counter-extremism.html). ## What cuts the other way? - **The toll has fallen.** Five deaths in each of 2024 and 2025 compare with 150 in 2015.[^tsA] - **Most plots are caught.** Fifteen of 24 jihadist attacks in 2025 were foiled.[^te26] - **Muslims are victims too.** Ahmed Merabet, a Muslim police officer, was shot dead outside Charlie Hebdo.[^charlie] Europol notes that jihadists treat Shi'a, Sufis and other Muslims who reject their reading of Islamic law as enemies.[^te25] Globally, most victims of jihadist groups are Muslims and Africans.[^gti] - **Overreaction does harm.** After the Vienna attack, police raided people linked to the Muslim Brotherhood. In August 2021 a Graz court ruled the searches of nine complainants unlawful.[^luxor] - **Mental health muddies some cases.** Aschaffenburg and the Paris stabbing show why labels should wait for the evidence. - **Islamism is not Islam.** This guide criticises a violent political ideology, not Muslims as a group. For the ideology itself see [what Islamism is](https://fightingislamists.com/islamism.html), and for the political ambition see [Islamist ambition for Europe](https://fightingislamists.com/europe.html). ## Questions people ask ### What is the deadliest terror attack in European history? Among jihadist attacks in the EU and UK, the deadliest was the Madrid train bombing of 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people. Next came Paris on 13 November 2015 (130), Nice in 2016 (86) and the London bombings of 7 July 2005 (52). The 2011 Norway attacks, by an anti-Muslim extremist, killed 77. Counting every kind of terrorism since 1980, Statista ranks the 1988 Lockerbie bombing first, with 270 deaths, and Madrid second.[^statista] Counting Russia, the 2004 Beslan school siege by Chechen Islamist militants killed 334 hostages. ### How many terrorist attacks in Europe were Islamist in 2025? Europol counted 24 jihadist attacks in the EU in 2025 out of 45 terrorist attacks of all ideologies. Nine of the 24 were completed and 15 were foiled by police. The completed attacks killed five people and injured 81. This counts the EU only; the UK is reported separately. ### Which European country has had the most jihadist terror attacks? France has suffered most. Its domestic intelligence service counted 275 deaths from terrorist attacks since 2012, nearly all jihadist. France also reported the most jihadist attacks to Europol for 2025: 10, including foiled plots. Spain and the United Kingdom each lost large numbers in single attacks, at Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005. ### Are all terrorist attacks in Europe Islamist? No. Europol sorts attacks into jihadist, left-wing and anarchist, right-wing, ethno-nationalist and separatist, and other. In 2025 jihadist attacks were about half of the 45 reported. Left-wing and anarchist attacks were 12 and right-wing five. Jihadist attacks killed the most people, but far-right attacks such as Hanau in 2020 and Norway in 2011 were also deadly. ### What terror attacks have there been in Europe in 2026? The most serious so far was the Berlin Pride attack on 25 July 2026, which killed a 65-year-old Polish woman and injured 29, and which German officials called Islamist terrorism. London saw arson attacks on Jewish sites, which the UK linked to Iran, and a Golders Green stabbing. Police also charged two Iranians over a Manchester bomb plot. ### Does terrorism mean Muslims in Europe are dangerous? No. Terrorists are a tiny number of men. Jihadists reject the views of most Muslims, treat many as enemies, and kill more Muslims worldwide than non-Muslims. The right response is to target the violent ideology and its networks, back Muslims who oppose it, and judge each person by their actions. ## Related guides - [Islamist terrorism: the global picture](https://fightingislamists.com/terrorism.html): the hub for all the guides on this site. - [Islamist terrorism and extremism in the UK](https://fightingislamists.com/islamist-terrorism-uk.html): attacks since 7/7, MI5 and Prevent figures. - [Islamic State today](https://fightingislamists.com/islamic-state.html): the group behind Paris, Brussels and most claimed attacks. - [Global Terrorism Index 2026](https://fightingislamists.com/global-terrorism-index.html): terrorism statistics for the world and the West. - [How Islamist radicalisation works](https://fightingislamists.com/radicalisation.html): how young people are drawn in. - [Islamist ambition for Europe](https://fightingislamists.com/europe.html): the movements, the numbers and the polls. [^te26]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2026 (TE-SAT 2026)", 13 July 2026, pp. 18-20 and 27. [^te26b]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2026 (TE-SAT 2026)", 13 July 2026, table of jihadist arrests by Member State. [^te26c]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2026 (TE-SAT 2026)", 13 July 2026, pp. 27-29. [^tsA]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2016 (TE-SAT 2016)", 2016 (2015 data: 17 attacks, 150 killed) ; Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2017 (TE-SAT 2017)", 2017 (2016 data: 13 attacks, 135 killed). ; [^tsB]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018 (2017 data: 33 attacks, 10 completed, 12 failed, 11 foiled; 62 killed). [^tsC]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2019 (TE-SAT 2019)", June 2019 (2018 deaths) ; Europol, "TE-SAT 2021", June 2021 (2018 to 2020 comparison table). ; [^tsD]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2020 (TE-SAT 2020)", June 2020 (2019 data: seven completed or failed attacks, twice as many foiled, ten deaths). [^tsE]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2021 (TE-SAT 2021)", June 2021 (2020 data: 10 completed, 4 foiled; pandemic caveat). [^tsF]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2022 (TE-SAT 2022)", July 2022 (2021 data) ; Europol, "TE-SAT 2023", June 2023 (2020 to 2022 table). ; [^tsG]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2025 (EU TE-SAT 2025)", June 2025 (2022 to 2024 table) ; Europol, "TE-SAT 2024", June 2024 (2023 data). ; [^te24]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2024 (TE-SAT 2024)", June 2024, 2023 data: 120 attacks, 14 jihadist. [^te25]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2025 (EU TE-SAT 2025)", June 2025, jihadism definition. [^te21]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2021 (TE-SAT 2021)", June 2021 (2020 data: 21 deaths, nine at Hanau). [^madrid]: Al Jazeera, "Madrid bomb suspects found guilty", 31 October 2007 ; NPR, "21 Convicted, 7 Acquitted in Madrid Train Bombings", 31 October 2007. ; [^paris15]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2016 (TE-SAT 2016)", 2016, on the 13 November 2015 attacks ; Al Jazeera, "French court convicts 19 men in 2015 Paris attacks trial", 29 June 2022. ; [^nice]: Al Jazeera, "French court convicts eight suspects in 2016 Nice truck attack", 13 December 2022. [^lon77]: UK Human Rights Blog, "7/7 inquest findings published", 6 May 2011 ; Home Office, "Home Secretary written statement on the London 7/7 inquest", 2011. ; [^brussels]: Belgian House of Representatives, "Terrorist attacks: summary record of the investigation committee", 2017 (32 dead plus the three bombers) ; Al Jazeera, "French court convicts 19 men in 2015 Paris attacks trial", 29 June 2022 (Brussels attacks claimed by ISIL). ; [^mcr]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018, 2017 attacks (22 killed; claimed by IS) ; GCN Chambers, "Manchester Arena Inquiry Volume 3: Radicalisation and Preventability", 2023. ; [^charlie]: Anadolu Agency, "France: Sentences handed down in Charlie Hebdo attacks", 16 December 2020 ; Committee to Protect Journalists, reporting on the 2020 Charlie Hebdo trial. ; [^bcn]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018, Barcelona, Cambrils and Alcanar ; Real Instituto Elcano, "Actividad yihadista en España, 2013-2017", 14 November 2017. ; [^berlin16]: The Local Germany, "New failures uncovered in police investigation of Berlin truck attacker", 27 November 2017. [^lonbr]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018 (eight killed; claimed by IS) ; Police Professional, "Police and MI5 cleared of blame over London Bridge attack", 2019. ; [^toulouse]: BBC News, "Al-Jazeera opts not to air Merah shootings video", March 2012 ; BBC News, "Shootings in Toulouse and Montauban: What we know", March 2012. ; [^wm]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018 (five killed; claimed by IS) ; Arab News, "Westminster attack inquest finds Khalid Masood's victims were killed 'unlawfully'", 3 October 2018. ; [^stock]: Europol, "EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2018 (TE-SAT 2018)", June 2018 (five killed; unclaimed; pledge to IS) ; Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, "Uzbek Stockholm truck attacker jailed for life", 7 June 2018. ; [^vienna]: Associated Press via OPB, "Attack in Vienna hit nightlife; suspect sought to join IS", 3 November 2020. [^solingen]: The Local Germany, "Syrian jailed for life over deadly knife attack at German festival", 10 September 2025. [^dgsi]: Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure, interview with the head of counter-terrorism, 28 February 2025. [^gti]: Institute for Economics & Peace, "Global Terrorism Index 2026", 18 March 2026. [^acled]: ACLED (Joel Crisetig), "Berlin attack highlights persistent Islamist threat in Europe", 27 July 2026. [^utoya]: BBC News, "Norway police 'could have stopped Breivik sooner'", 13 August 2012 ; BBC News, "'Breivik manifesto' details chilling attack preparation", 24 July 2011. ; [^grand]: The Local France (AFP), "France mosque murder suspect had indiscriminate 'urge to kill': prosecutor", 3 May 2025. [^asch]: Staatsanwaltschaft Aschaffenburg, press release 23/2025, 11 June 2025. [^berlinA]: NPR via KUOW, "Suspect in Berlin Pride vehicle attack is dead, police say", 25 July 2026 (updated 27 July). [^berlinB]: Euronews, "Berlin community remembers victims of Pride parade attack", 28 July 2026. [^paris26]: Fox News, "'Allah commanded me': Three women stabbed in Paris, crowd subdues suspect", 27 July 2026. [^hayi]: Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, "UK sanctions Iran-linked criminal group that publicly claimed responsibility for recent attacks on Jewish locations", GOV.UK, 13 July 2026. [^golders]: ABC News (Australia), "UK police declare terrorist incident after two Jewish men stabbed in London", 29 April 2026 ; Metropolitan Police, "Update on Golders Green Stabbing Investigation". ; [^mcrplot]: CBS News, "2 Iranians charged with planning terror attack on Manchester Jewish community", 3 October 2026 ; PBS NewsHour, "Prosecutor says 2 Iranian men scouted a UK synagogue for a chlorine bomb plot". ; [^villach]: Arab News (AFP), "Austria sentences Syrian to life over deadly knife attack", 27 May 2026. [^munich]: Euronews, "Afghan man Farhad N. jailed for life for 2025 Munich car ramming that killed two", 6 August 2026. [^mulhouse]: France 24, "Macron says deadly knife attack in eastern France an 'Islamist terror act'", 22 February 2025. [^luxor]: Vienna.at (APA), "Terror: Razzia bei Operation Luxor war teilweise illegal", 3 August 2021. [^statista]: Statista Research Department, "Ten worst terrorist attacks in terms of fatalities in Europe from 1980 to 2026", updated 11 August 2026. [^poolre]: Pool Re, "October 2026 Terrorism Incident & Threat Update", October 2026.